[192], According to Plutarch, among Alexander's traits were a violent temper and rash, impulsive nature,[201] which undoubtedly contributed to some of his decisions. [192] Although Alexander was stubborn and did not respond well to orders from his father, he was open to reasoned debate. [154][155] Another poisoning explanation put forward in 2010 proposed that the circumstances of his death were compatible with poisoning by water of the river Styx (modern-day Mavroneri in Arcadia, Greece) that contained calicheamicin, a dangerous compound produced by bacteria. Several examples of capitals displaying Ionic influences can be seen as far as Patna, especially with the Pataliputra capital, dated to the 3rd century BC. [59] While the other cities again hesitated, Thebes decided to fight. King of Macedon from 297 BC until 294 BC, jointly with his brother Alexander V. Wikipedia [175][201] His unique abilities were further demonstrated by the inability of any of his generals to unite Macedonia and retain the Empire after his death—only Alexander had the ability to do so. It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. Jump to navigation Jump to search. [16], This article is about the ancient king of Macedonia. Alexander V of Macedon ( Greek: Ἀλέξανδρος Εʹ ὁ Μακεδών; died 294 BC) was the third and youngest son of Cassander and Thessalonica of Macedon, who was a half-sister of Alexander the Great. [133] Meanwhile, upon his return to Persia, Alexander learned that guards of the tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae had desecrated it, and swiftly executed them. Alexander and his exploits were admired by many Romans, especially generals, who wanted to associate themselves with his achievements. [148][157], Alexander's sexuality has been the subject of speculation and controversy in modern times. Literally translated, with a commentary, from the Greek of Arrian, the Nicomedian", "Philostratus the Athenian, Vita Apollonii, book 2, chapter 12", "NZ scientist's detective work may reveal how Alexander died", "Was the death of Alexander the Great due to poisoning? All three of these people had motive to have Philip murdered. [94], Alexander then chased Darius, first into Media, and then Parthia. [10] Although Philip had seven or eight wives, Olympias was his principal wife for some time, likely because she gave birth to Alexander. Concerned that other Greek states might intervene, Alexander made it look as though he was preparing to attack Illyria instead. [262], On the other hand, some Roman writers, particularly Republican figures, used Alexander as a cautionary tale of how autocratic tendencies can be kept in check by republican values. He was undefeated in battle and became the measure against which military leaders compared themselves. The Greek cities on the western coast of Anatolia revolted until the news arrived that Philip had been murdered and had been succeeded by his young son Alexander. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Perseus_of_Macedon&oldid=1007229706, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 February 2021, at 02:24. [101], Alexander viewed Bessus as a usurper and set out to defeat him. [68] Alexander left the government of Caria to a member of the Hecatomnid dynasty, Ada, who adopted Alexander. When news of the revolts reached Alexander, he responded quickly. A son of Antipater and a contemporary of Alexander the Great, Cassander was one of the Diadochi who warred over Alexander's empire following the latter's death in 323 BC. [70] At the ancient Phrygian capital of Gordium, Alexander "undid" the hitherto unsolvable Gordian Knot, a feat said to await the future "king of Asia". 452 bce), also known as the Philhellene (Harp. [265] In addition, Pliny the Elder writes about this unsuccessful plan adding that the distance was 12 kilometres (7 1⁄2 mi), and the purpose was to cut a canal through the isthmus, so as to connect the Caystrian and Hermaean bays. Alexander V of Macedon: Macedon, Cassander, Thessalonica of Macedon, Alexander the Great, King of Macedon, Antipater II of Macedon, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Demetrius I of Macedon: Amazon.es: Frederic P Miller, Agnes F Vandome, John McBrewster: Libros en idiomas extranjeros Justin stated that Alexander was the victim of a poisoning conspiracy, Plutarch dismissed it as a fabrication,[146] while both Diodorus and Arrian noted that they mentioned it only for the sake of completeness. [98] Alexander buried Darius' remains next to his Achaemenid predecessors in a regal funeral. 350 BC-297 BC), was king of the ancient Greek Kingdom of Kingdom of Macedon from 305 BC until 297 BC, son of Antipater, and founder of the Antipatrid dynasty. [279] Later Persian writers associate him with philosophy, portraying him at a symposium with figures such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, in search of immortality. [74] [129] Alexander reached Susa in 324 BC, but not before losing many men to the harsh desert. Though advised to use diplomacy, Alexander mustered 3,000 Macedonian cavalry and rode south towards Thessaly. Alexander IV was Alexander the Great's son and Philip II of Macedon's grandson. Moreover, that a very pleasant odour exhaled from his skin and that there was a fragrance about his mouth and all his flesh, so that his garments were filled with it, this we have read in the Memoirs of Aristoxenus. [144] Another theory is that his successors wilfully or erroneously misheard "tôi Kraterôi"—"to Craterus", the general leading his Macedonian troops home and newly entrusted with the regency of Macedonia. [284], In Greek Anthology there are poems referring to Alexander.[285][286]. Early history [49], Attalus was at that time corresponding with Demosthenes, regarding the possibility of defecting to Athens. [189] In India, confronted by Porus' elephant corps, the Macedonians opened their ranks to envelop the elephants and used their sarissas to strike upwards and dislodge the elephants' handlers.[135]. Philip V (Greek: Φίλιππος Ε΄) (238 BC – 179 BC) was King of Macedon from 221 BC to 179 BC. [273], Alexander the Great's accomplishments and legacy have been depicted in many cultures. Pompey the Great adopted the epithet "Magnus" and even Alexander's anastole-type haircut, and searched the conquered lands of the east for Alexander's 260-year-old cloak, which he then wore as a sign of greatness. Both kings were murdered, Arrhidaeus in 317 and Alexander in 310/309. It included: The enormous scale of these plans has led many scholars to doubt their historicity. [106] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. [18], When Alexander was 13, Philip began to search for a tutor, and considered such academics as Isocrates and Speusippus, the latter offering to resign from his stewardship of the Academy to take up the post. [266][267], Arrian wrote that Aristobulus said that the Icarus island (modern Failaka Island) in the Persian Gulf had this name because Alexander ordered the island to be named like this, after the Icarus island in the Aegean Sea. Achetez neuf ou d'occasion [116] A fierce contest ensued with the Aspasioi in which Alexander was wounded in the shoulder by a dart, but eventually the Aspasioi lost. Along the way his army conquered the Malhi (in modern-day Multan) and other Indian tribes and Alexander sustained an injury during the siege. Alexander V of Macedon(320 BC-294 BC) was King of Macedon from 297 BC to 294 BC, succeeding Philip IV and preceding Demetrius I Poliorcetes. The successor states that emerged were, at least initially, dominant forces, and these 300 years are often referred to as the Hellenistic period. They refused to be sent away and criticized his adoption of Persian customs and dress and the introduction of Persian officers and soldiers into Macedonian units. Anaximenes, also accompanied him on his campaigns. Having damaged the enemy's cohesion, Philip ordered his troops to press forward and quickly routed them. [43], In summer 336 BC, while at Aegae attending the wedding of his daughter Cleopatra to Olympias's brother, Alexander I of Epirus, Philip was assassinated by the captain of his bodyguards, Pausanias. In return for teaching Alexander, Philip agreed to rebuild Aristotle's hometown of Stageira, which Philip had razed, and to repopulate it by buying and freeing the ex-citizens who were slaves, or pardoning those who were in exile. [150] However, in a 2003 BBC documentary investigating the death of Alexander, Leo Schep from the New Zealand National Poisons Centre proposed that the plant white hellebore (Veratrum album), which was known in antiquity, may have been used to poison Alexander. The factions compromis… He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety. [192] However, Ogden calculates that Alexander, who impregnated his partners thrice in eight years, had a higher matrimonial record than his father at the same age. [113] However, Alexander's constant demands for troops and the migration of Macedonians throughout his empire depleted Macedon's strength, greatly weakening it in the years after Alexander, and ultimately led to its subjugation by Rome after the Third Macedonian War (171–168 BC).[16]. During this turmoil, the Illyrians invaded Macedonia, only to be repelled by Alexander. [118] Alexander was impressed by Porus' bravery, and made him an ally. He colonized it with Greeks, and founded a city named Alexandropolis. [5], In 178 BC, he had married Laodice V, the daughter of Seleucus IV from Syria. [283] In medieval Europe, Alexander the Great was revered as a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes whose lives were believed to encapsulate all the ideal qualities of chivalry. [253] The process of Hellenization also spurred trade between the east and west. Sometime after the wedding, Philip is said to have seen himself, in a dream, securing his wife's womb with a seal engraved with a lion's image. [238], The eastern borders of Alexander's empire began to collapse even during his lifetime. [59] This was due to use of terrain, phalanx and cavalry tactics, bold strategy, and the fierce loyalty of his troops. The Theban resistance was ineffective, and Alexander razed the city and divided its territory between the other Boeotian cities. [232] Two of these pregnancies — Stateira's and Barsine's — are of dubious legitimacy. [29], Philip and his army joined his son in 338 BC, and they marched south through Thermopylae, taking it after stubborn resistance from its Theban garrison. 13 relations: Alexander the Great, Alexander V of Macedon, Ancient Greek, Antipatrid dynasty, Cassander, Demetrius I of Macedon, Eurydice (wife of Antipater II of Macedon), List of ancient Macedonians, Lysimachus, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Philip IV of Macedon, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Thessalonike of Macedon.
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