/XObject << Disadvantages Of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer food grade calcium chloride. /Direction /L2R >> /T1_1 43 0 R /ColorSpace << Ammonium Chloride Disadvantage Ammonium chloride is as highly acid- forming as ammonium sulfate per unit of N, which can be a disadvantage. /Length 4278 << The primary advantage of a liquid formulation is the potential to blend the fertilizer with some herbicides. /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] When stored at normal room temperature, it is a white crystalline solid. /Fm0 39 0 R >> /Type /Page >> /GS0 46 0 R In this fertilizer there is nearly 25% ammonia which is converted into the nitrate by the denitrifying bacteria present in the alkaline soil. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Fertilizer Liquid Applicators // Asia Pacific Facts. >> /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] endobj /Parent 3 0 R /Type /Pages �S�Q-��3h�i���r���L��XZN�&�؝8tO�s /Contents 67 0 R /XObject << May 22, 2019 Disadvantages : Can be expensive to convert equipment to handle liquid fertilizer ; More susceptible to volatilization and loss; Special Considerations for Anhydrous Ammonia . /GS0 46 0 R /Fm1 57 0 R /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] The production line of ammonium chloride fertilizer has the advantages of less investment, quick profit and good economic benefit. /ExtGState << 15 0 obj stream /GS0 46 0 R 7 0 obj >> Ammonium nitrate 33%N, . /Font << /ExtGState << It is the most common and used elements due to its strong structure build and particles organization. They can also be made from ammonium hydroxide (ammonia solution). Advantages Increases crop growth. 12 0 obj >> /MC0 61 0 R >> Phosphate fertilizers, for example, carry with them specific benefits The mineral is commonly formed on burning coal dumps from condensation of coal-derived gases. 5��+[hX"���-l�m����=|�NW��\R]s�JQ��N�a��U̶��%._?��ZXS7G�&Vt���փɡlWDÔ� #P�AQ��e1���q{�8�KƟO����T��. Ammonia is widely used in fertilisers and is manufactured using the Haber process. One of ammonium nitrate's advantages is that it is not usually subject to volatilization. /Contents 30 0 R endobj /ColorSpace << >> Plants that look tired or unhealthy may need a potassium kick. Cottonseed meal, blood meal, fish emulsion, manure and sewage sludge, etc. /Resources << Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate changes in Cd concentrations in wheat grain after the application of the Cl-containing fertilizer ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), with the aim of reducing its potential health risk. /Contents 48 0 R /T1_2 41 0 R /T1_0 43 0 R /PageLayout /SinglePage /T1_0 43 0 R /TT0 52 0 R The disinfectant can be purchased in concentrated form to be diluted as needed, in bulk-sized ready to use pre-diluted bottles and even in disposable wipe form. /XObject << /C0_0 50 0 R /Fm1 49 0 R /T1_2 44 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Type /Catalog /Title (Effects of Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer and its Application Stage on Cadmium Concentrations in Wheat) Let's try to figure out which of these fertilizers is better and … /Type /Metadata fertilizer trade. Ammonia is a basic building block for ammonium nitrate fertilizer, which releases nitrogen, an essential nutrient for growing plants, including farm crops and lawns.About 90 percent of ammonia produced worldwide is used in fertilizer, to help sustain food production for billions of people around the world. /Font << There are two types of fertilizers: organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers. 2015-12-03 3 0 obj application/pdf uuid:294b4efa-361b-4bf6-a85a-3b858a43539d /Fm1 57 0 R /Parent 3 0 R Organic fertilizers are substances that are derived from the remains or by products of organisms. /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /Contents 60 0 R /GS2 55 0 R /T1_0 43 0 R Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. This type of fertilizer is typically sold in a granular form, although other preparations and combinations are possible. /Contents 56 0 R 8 0 obj /C2_1 54 0 R /Rotate 0 This lesson covers the very common and well-known disinfectants chlorine and quaternary ammonium. www.tandfonline.com We will talk about their advantages, disadvantages, and uses in addition to the types of microbes they can kill. /Fm1 49 0 R It is used for best acid soil. For supplying a specific nutrient we can select a specific fertilizer due to its nutrient specific nature. Advantages of using Ammonia one of ammonias best features is ammonia in the form of a refrigerant the technological advantage of ammonia is a ammonia is natural refrigerant with only minor risk potential. /C0_1 51 0 R ammonium ions, NH 4 +, and nitrate ions, NO 3-, are sources of soluble nitrogen phosphate ions, PO 4 3- , are a source of soluble phosphorus all common … /Parent 3 0 R << /Subtype /XML /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] This lesson covers the very common and well-known disinfectants chlorine and quaternary ammonium. /TT0 52 0 R /ExtGState << They are also non-corrosive to metal pipes and other surfaces. /T1_1 41 0 R endobj /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] endobj >> 10 0 obj But in a reversible reaction, the products can react to produce the original reactants. Organic fertilizers are consisted of organic matter and living organisms like other plants and animals. Due to production costs and increased regulations, ammonium nitrate currently costs 20 plus percent more per pound of nitrogen than other common sources. /Fm0 39 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] Chemical fertilizer/Inorganic fertilizer: Inorganic fertilizer may be defined as the synthetic material. /T1_1 41 0 R /T1_0 43 0 R Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) is a chemical compound made of ammonia and nitrogen. /Parent 3 0 R /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] endstream /C0_1 51 0 R /Parent 3 0 R endobj /T1_0 43 0 R H��� 4�]��ƾdɖ-È�c�.j��}���[v*�E�F��5�-%Kxl����"J��x��t����>�}��=����n�w��������.� �DQ������*�XTh� ��N��wL������<1�xH�D�%()��&�9��\�6��u PBGaؿ� �{r��0��� @� V �#I��6�=fo4��o�@Z���:e�ƣ��:��8"�*PM�x��O��"aBH�Q�%�x_"g���8w�*4���Ȁ �=� ������( �@�E���P3�����aLi Compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer have their own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose according to the situation. << /Contents [31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R] /GS1 47 0 R /C0_0 50 0 R 17 0 obj 18 0 obj proof:pdf >> /CreationDate (D:20150316101528+09'00') PDF/X-1:2001 Advantages and disadvantages of compound fertilizer Advantages of compound fertilizer: << /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] While some of them might name specific brand names of fertilizer products they’ve used, most would share context-specific advantages and disadvantages they’ve experienced. While some of them might name specific brand names of fertilizer products they’ve used, most would share context-specific advantages and disadvantages they’ve experienced. /T1_0 43 0 R /T1_2 41 0 R /C0_0 50 0 R Calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer is a new nitrogenous and calcareous fertilizer with characteristics of high efficiency and quickly make-up nitrogen, applied in greenhouse and large-area farmland. /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] endobj However, ammonium over-supplementation has a negative impact on quality related parameters, notably on volatile acidity and aroma complexity. /OutputConditionIdentifier (JC200103) Inorganic Fertilizer Advantages and Disadvantages. If ammonium hydroxide is used, water is also produced in the, Reversible reactions, ammonia and the Haber process [Chemistry only], Sulfuric acid and the contact process [GCSE Chemistry only], Reversible reactions, industrial processes and important chemicals, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Here’s what they know about the pros and cons of organic and natural fertilizers. /Resources << /T1_0 43 0 R stream False /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /Fm0 39 0 R >> >> >> /Font << /C0_1 51 0 R Other disadvantages are its low N content compared with urea or ammonium nitrate and the high chloride content, which can be harmful on some crops or soils 6/10/20198. This lesson covers the very common and well-known disinfectants chlorine and quaternary ammonium. << << /Parent 3 0 R /T1_1 44 0 R endobj >> Availability The widespread availability and relatively low price of quaternary ammonium is one of its biggest advantages. >> /C2_0 64 0 R /Kids [7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R] >> /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 10.1626/pps.18.137 It is a high-nitrogen fertilizer and is used as an oxidizing agent. /TT0 52 0 R /ColorSpace << /GS0 46 0 R >> >> If ammonium hydroxide is used, water is also produced in the neutralisation reaction. /Parent 3 0 R /C2_0 53 0 R Phosphorus and potassium are also essential elements commonly found in fertilisers. >> >> 1 /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] Low Temperature Vacuum Gravimetric for Phosphorus and Potassium Chloride based Fertilizers. Availability. /St 137 >> >> /OutputIntents [5 0 R] /Resources << /ExtGState << /C2_0 42 0 R However, ammonium over-supplementation has a negative impact on quality related parameters, notably on volatile acidity and aroma complexity. /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] >> Driving fertilizer stakes for the palm trees ensures that the palm tree will be properly feed nutrients throughout the season. 11 0 obj Such a fertilizer extends its bioavailability significantly longer than QRFs such as ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium phosphate, or potassium chloride. >> /Fm1 57 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] >> Organic Fertilizer It includes that how to make nitrogen fertilizers, its various steps, the history of nitrogen fertilizer Haber process advantages and disadvantages of N. fertilizer, types of nitrogen fertilizer a small article about it etc… /S /GTS_PDFX >> Abstract: Chloride (Cl) in saline soil increases the cadmium (Cd) concentration in crops. /XObject << Adobe InDesign CS6 (Windows) Ammonium sulfate and ammonium thiosulfate, also known as ATS, are both very common nitrogen and sulfur sources in the dry and liquid fertilizer markets. We will talk about their advantages, disadvantages, and uses in … Ammonium sulfate, urea, or urea plus S was applied in split applications of 101 kg N ha ‐l PF and 50 kg N ha ‐1 PI. /Parent 3 0 R Fertilizer For Jasmine Vine Chloride Advantages Disadvantages Potassium. /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] << >> Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Fertilizer Liquid Applicators // Asia Pacific Facts. /GS1 47 0 R Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1 /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /GS1 47 0 R >> Although some of the variations perform better than others, there are a number of advantages and disadvantages that they have in common. /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] >> /Creator (Adobe InDesign CS6 \(Windows\)) >> https://doi.org/10.1626/pps.18.137 /GTS_PDFXVersion (PDF/X-1:2001) %���� Ammonium Chloride chemical offered comes with CAS No of 12125-02-9, molecular formula of NH4Cl, molecular weight of 53.49. This is an agent that kills most, but not all, microbes […] The primary use of ammonium chloride is as a source of nitrogen in fertilizers (corresponding to 90 per cent of ammonium chloride production worldwide) such as chloroammonium phosphate. >> /T1_0 41 0 R /C2_0 53 0 R /Font << /T1_2 41 0 R 9 0 obj Made available in white crystalline powder form, it has minimum assay of 98% and can be offered in /C0_1 51 0 R /Font << >> /ColorSpace << /MediaBox [0 0 634.32 833.04] Ammonium sulphate fertilizer is a widely used, inorganic soil supplement that has particular benefits when applied to alkaline soils. /Contents 65 0 R /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /N 4 13 0 obj /BleedBox [0 0 634.32 833.04] Some of its advantages include a higher N concentration than (NH4)2SO4 and superiority over (NH4)2SO4 for rice. /T1_1 44 0 R The advantages of quaternary ammonium compounds include the fact that they can kill a wide variety of microbes and are easy to use. This can save an application trip, and some herbicides work better when applied with fertilizer. The advantages of quaternary ammonium compounds include the fact that they can kill a wide variety of microbes and are easy to use. << /Rotate 0 /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] VoR The following are deemed to … /TT0 52 0 R /Info (Japan Color 2001 Coated) Better soil quality. >> For example ground mineral phosphate, essentially a phosphorus source, also contains some calcium. >> /Properties << >> /ExtGState << Compared with the Nil N treatment, ammonium‐nitrogen fertilizer, either as ammonium sulphate (ASdr) or ammonium chloride (ACdr) drilled with the seed, lowered the severity of take‐all. Aqua Aquarium Fertilizer For Grape Vines and Wine Gardening > The Secret to Fabulous Fruit. >> xmp.id:B58E01CC79CBE411A883F5164E3B664D /ModDate (D:20151125090523+05'30') Potassium (K) fertilizers are commonly used to overcome plant deficiencies. << Effects of Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer and its Application Stage on Cadmium Concentrations in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Naoyuki Ishikawa 1 , Gen Ishioka 1 , Mikiko Yanaka 1 , Kanenori Takata 1 and Masaharu Murakami 2 /Type /Page /Fm0 39 0 R /GS2 55 0 R /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /TT0 52 0 R /GS3 62 0 R Microplots with retainers and 15 N‐labeled N were used. /T1_1 44 0 R Apart from being used as a common inorganic fertilizer, this chemical is also used in instant cold packs. Rice and wheat are the principal crops fertilized in this way. /Type /Page /Type /OutputIntent They add a sufficient amount of Potash is a general term used to describe a variety of K-containing agricultural fertilizers. Disadvantages Causes eutrophication. endobj Correct use of this fertilizer maintains healthy nitrogen levels in the soil and, in the case of alkaline soils, helps to maintain a good pH balance. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] /MC0 59 0 R That’s why urea sellers and downsides of ammonium sulfate fertilizer must receive careful consideration. Compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer have their own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose according to the situation. Ammonium nitrate in the form of 'Nitram', containing 34.5% of nitrogen, is a good example. True /GS2 55 0 R /Parent 3 0 R The advantages and disadvantages for the ammonium nitrate and urea portions are the same as previously described. >> /Metadata 2 0 R It can cause a high concentration of salts to form in the soil. Order Now. xmp.did:90236907A790E41187838A86EFAFD6A4 /TT0 52 0 R /CS2 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] Chemical Disinfectants In other lessons, we described something known as a disinfectant. << There are two main types of potassium fertilizer: Potassium sulphate and Potassium Chloride (Nutall 2010). /Font << /T1_1 41 0 R /GS1 47 0 R >> /Rotate 0 The appearance of compound fertilizer is generally granular.Due to the different production process,the color is also different.Its main raw materials are ammonium sulfate,ammonium nitrate,ammmonikum carbonate,ammonium /ColorSpace << A major use of ammonia is in the manufacture of fertilisers. endobj Ammonia (NH 3 is a chemical compound made up of one part nitrogen (N) and three parts hydrogen (H 3). Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Fertilizers: Advantages: Chemical fertilizers are predictable and reliable. The raw materials of compound fertilizer are urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate (monoammonium phosphate, ... (potassium sulfate) and other raw materials. endobj /Properties << /XObject << It improves the soil and granulates the soil making it anti-caking. Karl Fischer for Nitrogen and Potassium based Fertilizers. converted Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. Uses & Benefits Ammonia in Fertilizer. endobj /Resources << /T1_2 44 0 R >> Read about our approach to external linking. Sal ammoniac is a name of the natural, mineralogical form of ammonium chloride. /Rotate 0 /Contents 58 0 R adobe:docid:indd:b2651d71-d06f-11e1-acca-b3d4f4f97db7 Ammonium chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 Cl and a white crystalline salt that is highly soluble in water. Advantages: Chemical fertilizers contain the three primary macronutrients that provide an immediate supply of nutrients; may also contain secondary macronutrients and trace minerals. /Fm0 39 0 R A major use of ammonia is in the manufacture of fertilisers. /T1_0 43 0 R /GS0 46 0 R The compound fertilizer has the advantages of high nutrient content, less auxiliary components and good physical properties. /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] >> The advantages of fertilizers are mentioned below: They are easy to transport, store, and apply. Urea nitrogen fertilizer is commonly used for supplying the nutrient nitrogen to growing crops. /T1_3 45 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] << Nitroform (also referred to as trinitromethane with a chemical formula HC[NO 2 ] 3 ) exemplifies inorganic SRF fertilizers (Loper and Shober 2012). /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] >> /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] Organic fertilizer are released by microorganism into decompositional nutrients. >> /C2_0 53 0 R endobj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] >> At equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants and products do not change. /Fm0 39 0 R /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /PageMode /UseThumbs Many fertilisers are ammonium salts. >> It is very important for balanced fertilization, improving fertilizer utilization rate and promoting high yield and stable yield of crops. /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /ExtGState << They applied 120 pounds of diammonium phosphate, 75 pounds of potassium chloride and 75 pounds of ammonium sulfate. >> One of the advantages of Quaternary ammonium disinfectants is that they do not damage clothing and carpets the way that oxidizing chemistries do. endobj >> /Producer (Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1) >> /XObject << /Filter /FlateDecode /Type /Page /Rotate 0 /Type /Page /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] The Fertilizer can be used in poor soil to make it fertile immediately. /Fm1 57 0 R ul. >> /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /C0_0 50 0 R /Type /Page Ammonium sulphate fertilizer is a widely used, inorganic soil supplement that has particular benefits when applied to alkaline soils. /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /Count 10 1 0 obj /C0_0 50 0 R /Fm0 39 0 R /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /XObject << /PageLabels 4 0 R /Font << The most effective fertilisers contain nitrogen because plants need it in order to produce proteins. xmp.iid:8FD3525F3FC9E41192AFA75CB9071D54 The best sources of information are actual fertilizer users. The active ingredients in it are nitrogen and sulfur . Each fertilizer has specific advantages and disadvantages, so it can sometimes be prohibitively confusing to choose a fertilizer that suits the needs of your plants. /GS1 47 0 R There are several urea fertilizer advantages and disadvantages, with a … 2015-03-16T10:15:28+09:00 They can also be made from ammonium hydroxide (ammonia solution). /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /Fm0 39 0 R /GTS_PDFXConformance (PDF/X-1a:2001) The active ingredients in it are nitrogen and sulfur . /GS1 47 0 R /T1_1 41 0 R /Resources << 3. Some examples of chemical fertilizers are ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride and the like. /T1_1 44 0 R 14 0 obj endobj /Rotate 0 >> >> Share: Prev: The plant area of 10,000 tons of organic fertilizer Inorganic fertilizer, however, are much more easier to produce and high concentrated. /CS1 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /S /D /Contents 63 0 R >> endobj The method of using phosphoric acid was discovered at least a hundred years ago. /Parent 3 0 R Fertilizer spreader with a 40 litre volume poly bed and an Advantages Of Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer Gcse adjustable measuring device from the operator’s seat. /Resources << /ExtGState << ul. >> They are water-soluble Seaweed Fertilizer Disadvantages Cromalinsupport The key is properly placing it at the right rate and time for maximum crop effect and minimum negative exposure to soil and environment. Not only was banding a cheaper method — $18 less per acre than broadcast application — the concentration of fertilizer was higher with 10.5 grams per square foot. An ash in fertilizer easy way to prevent you tomato plants from getting diseases is to remove wilted browned or yellowed leaves or plants. 10.1626/pps.18.137 /Contents 66 0 R /Rotate 0 Ammonium sulfate, super phosphates, ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, etc. /ExtGState << nanotechnology is emerging science and its application have both advantages and disadvantages..... Nanotechnology. /ColorSpace << Ammonia fertilizers Ammonia fertilizers include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, and liquid nitrogenous fertilizers . /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] 4 0 obj Before finding out more about its advantages and disadvantages, let’s get to know more about the ingredients and the formula this chemical. Compound fertilizer refers to chemical fertilizers containing two or more nutrients. 1 << >> /GS0 46 0 R Ammonium chloride roller granulator integrates granulation, molding and screening, and has the characteristics of beautiful particles, convenient operation and low … Correct use of this fertilizer maintains healthy nitrogen levels in the soil and, in the case of alkaline soils, helps to maintain a good pH balance. Ammonium nitrate fertilizer is an industrially-produced chemical fertilizer.It has the chemical formula NH 4 NO 3 and is used primarily to increase the nitrogen content of soil. The primary use of ammonium sulfate is as a fertilizer for alkaline soils. << from application/x-indesign to application/pdf The widespread availability and relatively low price of quaternary ammonium is one of its biggest advantages. /C0_0 50 0 R The most effective fertilisers contain nitrogen because plants need it in order to produce proteins. %PDF-1.3 /DestOutputProfile 18 0 R << Microplots were 16 0 obj /CropBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] /C0_1 51 0 R /CS0 [/ICCBased 40 0 R] >> >> 2015-03-16T10:15:28+09:00 << /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] The appearance of compound fertilizer is generally granular.Due to the different production process,the color is also different.Its main raw materials are ammonium sulfate,ammonium nitrate,ammmonikum carbonate,ammonium chloride,urea,potassium sulfate. /ColorSpace << >> Unlabeled N was used in field plots. /Rotate 0 Nitrogen Fertilizer January 6 2016 In this project we will talk about the nitrogen fertilizers. /ViewerPreferences << /GS1 47 0 R /Nums [0 17 0 R] 2015-11-25T09:05:23+05:30 Another type of fertilizer she discussed was the use of Potassium. /Resources << {����?��E�!��#��#����+*�4E]@s�V���n���!�ѓI�����$�������8jN�p�qA���Wx�ysN���� endobj /Fm1 49 0 R Fertilizer application rates can vary with the type of fertilizer that is needed to produce the desired results. /GS1 47 0 R /Type /Page /BleedBox [0.0 0.0 595.276 793.701] here are some examples: /XObject << Wagons / Horse Drawn Bus Dick & find one that fits Fertilizer Spreader Company Parts Discussion in ‘ Two of the plant. Miracle-Gro or a similar water soluble Ammonium Nitrate Fertilizer how quickly does a tomato plant grow Advantages And Disadvantages fertilizer can be used for this treatment. >> pQs�s����}r��/�?V� ��VK��r@� b�g��g%��H��z&�(S+[)W*_�S�K��)F(+T��>ju �97M-��6,f�&:FH#]ËFz��f��6Fv�&N��f���XK�U��5���yv�����&�]6\�(V����������λT���;�����Ʃ�-~��%����A{!ܡ�+Fa^�1�-Q�۱�q�W��a���&�ޘJ�LfJ����i���(���h�Z6u�`�R����Ȃ��六E#��%��9J%h�Y��V�T�T�V�>\�٫;�H�N�sC`�ͦ��'�Z��q��?7j�j�������d�v����}.������M�_/}���W�0����|��};�8�>��.�p�x��}�Rʇ菄eԊ�'�U������/��Ӿ�6P��[���0�|���{���.
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