In January, Redpath further extended its capabilities in the international market with its acquisition of the German specialist, Deilmann-Haniel Shaft Sinking. In Canada, meanwhile, Cementation reports that in recent years it has completed two major shaft projects—the Kidd mine D No. The title of the exhibition, which has been displayed at the Gold of Africa Museum in Cape Town after a stint in Johannesburg, refers to the monumental metal structures that sit above mine shafts, also known as winding gear, mine heads or shaft heads. The system, they said, is designed for drilling blind shafts up to 1,000 m deep in soft-to-medium ground, with the first of two machines scheduled for delivery in April to BHP Billiton’s Jansen project in Saskatchewan. In February, Natural Resources Canada reported the successful completion of a first step toward bringing synthetic hoist ropes to reality. And that, for an increasing number of operations, looks set to change. It is just that, for the past half-century at least, we have become accustomed to open-pit mining as being the way forward. Carried out by Layne Christensen (with whom Dr. Sopko was then associated) in 2002, the project involved creating a frozen wall in the overburden around the crown pillar location, with subsequent excavation of the ore by conventional drilling-and-blasting. Design begins with a cross sectional view of the compartments to suit the needs of the mine that the shaft must provide. In New Brunswick, Cementation has been involved with sinking the two new 890-m-deep, 5.5-m-diameter shafts for PotashCorp’s Picadilly project since 2008, with the company noting that the potential of water inflows means that the shafts have been designed and constructed with hydrostatic liners. The authors pointed out that China’s first 3-million-mt/y mine came on stream in 1981, since when there has been an accelerating increase in design capacity, particularly as coal-mining has moved into previously untapped resource areas. Gold Mining Thin Line Icons - Editable Stroke A set of gold mining icons. Average shaft depths increased from less than 200 m during the country’s first Five-Year Plan (in the mid-1950s) to over 570 m in the eighth (mid-1990s), with 10% of all shafts now being sunk being over 1,000 m in depth. Four of the speakers from the 1989 meeting had returned this time as presenters, he added, showing how shaft-sinking is a profession in its own right, and not just a mining offshoot. On the surface of an underground mine, a collar is required for a shaft or raise entry, while a portal refers to the entrance for an adit, decline, or ramp. Situated in the Rouyn-Noranda district of Québec, Noranda operated the Quémont mine from 1949 to 1971. From Day 1, one of the biggest challenges facing underground mining has been how to lift ore from ever-increasing depths to surface efficiently. To optimize your website experience, please use Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or Safari. • Compare combined stresses to suitable allowable stresses, As the conference chairman, Alan Auld of shaft-design consultancy, the Alan Auld Group, noted in his introduction to the meeting, since the two previous conferences in the series took place in 1959 and 1989 respectively, it was perhaps timely to revisit the topic to provide an update on how concepts and technology have changed in the intervening years. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. The second production shaft, now being sunk, is the largest it has ever handled, Redpath states, measuring 10 m in diameter by 1,320 m (4,035 ft) deep. As with most other aspects of hard-rock mining, the emphasis is on minimizing personal exposure to potential hazards, with more sophisticated—and hence more expensive—equipment taking the place of the shaft-bottom drill crew with their pneumatic sinkers. And, in some cases, those rewards may be immense. Whatever the scenario, wherever the project is in the world, shaft-sinking safety remains at the forefront of all the issues involved. The mine shaft sinking operation will often be varied by the geological conditions and affected by underground water inflows, seam gas outbursts, geothermal and other natural conditions. The shaft size is dictated by the minimum size to contain all needed conveyances and cages as well as guides to maintain alignment. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Then again, one question that is becoming increasingly widely asked is: “What happens once the cost of running today’s open-pits gets too high?” There is nothing new about the transition from surface mining to underground: evidence of the practice can be seen from the locations of the earliest flint and metal mines all over the world. Looking ahead, it is obvious that shaft design and construction expertise is going to be a very valuable commodity in its own right as mining companies dig deeper and deeper for the world’s commodity supplies. Collars and Portals . 10 shaft will serve as the primary access point for the operation. Shaft Mining Shaft mining is a form of underground mining where shafts are pushed vertically from top to bottom to excavate the ores and minerals. Resolution Copper is developing a panel caving operation to mine the deposit and the No. Mine Shaft Designs We are local jewelers who have been making our own treasurers for 30 years in key west FL come see what we can make for you! In Canada, shaft-sinking is under way in both Saskatchewan and New Brunswick, while Russia’s potash-mining industry is also set for a major expansion. While traditionally having been associated with Southern Africa, Shaft Sinkers reports that it is actively seeking new markets elsewhere in the world. Today, Chinese shaft-drilling companies have developed machines that are capable of drilling accurately to beyond 1,000 m, with diameters of up to 13 m and developing up to 600 kNm of torque. Depending on the type of hoist used, the top of the headframe will either house a hoist motor or a sheave wheel (with … The shaft is equipped with four [32 mt-capacity] skips operated in pairs by two 6.2-m-diameter tower-mounted Koepe winders. The basic principles that ensure optimum speed in shaft sinking are: maximum possible knowledge of the ground to be excavated, appropriate design parameters for the conditions of the area, careful planning, and timing of the whole operation. Recovering from this setback—the grouting system having been targeted at saving EuroChem both time and costs over freezing—Shaft Sinkers announced in May that it had won a three-shaft sinking contract from Vedanta Resources for its Rampura Agucha zinc-lead mine, in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Reviews (305) 396-7639 Website. Members of the mine shaft The London meeting attracted around 175 delegates from nearly 20 countries, including the U.S., Canada, Australia, Germany, Poland and China, with no fewer than 40 papers presented over three days. Shafts will get deeper; of that there is no doubt, although ultra-depth shafts will require the development of lighter, stronger hoist ropes for them to remain economically viable. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Please let us know how we can help you, and we will respond as soon as possible. As increasingly deeper deposits are discovered and developed, shaft-sinking and hoist technology look for a new lease on life. Among the prominent shaft-sinking projects undertaken by AMC’s parent company, Redpath, in recent years, top billing must surely go to its work at Oyu Tolgoi in Mongolia. ABB’s contract includes the drive system for the hoist, the skips and associated equipment, and an overall control system. In their paper, Current situation and development for China’s 1,000 m deep shaft sinking, Long Zhiyang and Gui Liangyu presented some information on over 40 shafts that have been sunk since 2000, all of which are close to, or more than, 1,000 m deep. Environmental Engineering . Potash Projects Proceed Apace One commodity that has received significant investment in new capacity, potash projects are now under development in all of the main centers around the world. One key feature of the ice wall was that it had to provide structural strength as well as being water-tight. Some of the development rates quoted seem quite amazing, with average advance figures well in excess of 100 m per month in a number of projects. • Find bending moments from gears, pulleys, or sprockets that are transmitting loads to or from other devices. With an output of 30 million mt/y, the Zhundong No. Including both the 6-m-diameter, six-rope Koepe hoist and a 4-m-diameter Blair hoist, the equipment is scheduled for installation in late 2014. Making an analogy with normal workplace practice, he pointed out that: “One of the key factors in a strong safety culture is the level of trust between the employee and his or her supervisor. Shaft Design . Get directions, reviews and information for Mine Shaft Design in Key West, FL. In conjunction with a number of industry partners, NRC is carrying out a technical feasibility study to prove the applicability of synthetic ropes to mine hoisting, including the design of a coiling test to determine the ability of synthetic rope to spool on and off a multi-layered drum under load, to simulate underground mine hoisting. Mine Shaft Design SubTerra, Inc. was hired by US Gypsum Company to design a 15-ft diameter, 600-ft deep shaft at their Sperry Mine located in Des Moines County, Iowa approximately 100-miles southeast of Cedar Rapids, Iowa. But steel ropes themselves carry limitations in terms of their own weight as depths increase, to the point where inherent strength is overcome without adding a viable load on the bottom. Is there a similar relationship between the level of mutual trust between the mine owner and the contractor, and the ultimate success of a shaft-sinking project?”. 4 shaft and the Nickel Rim South twin shafts—without incurring a lost-time injury. A new deep-mine potash project is even under evaluation in the U.K., and in each case, the arrival of new players into the market has underpinned the surge in development activity. An Unusual Application A paper presented to the London conference by Dr. Joe Sopko and colleagues from the U.S.-based ground engineering firm, Moretrench American Corp., described a very unusual use of freezing technology—in this case, to recover ore remaining in a near-surface crown pillar. The shaft is accessed via the Craig Mine shaft and the shaft collar is located approximately 1,230 metres below surface. Headframes and Bins . A Guidance Sensor for Continuous Mine Haulage; A Model for the Structure of Round-Strand Wire Ropes; A PC-Based Monitoring System for Mine Hoisting; Pillar Strength and Design Methodology for Stone Mines; Rock Mechanics Study of Shaft Stability and Pillar Mining, Homestake Mine, Lead, SD … Menu & Reservations Make Reservations . Another factor at play over the past 40 years has been the increased use of mobile equipment at all stages of an underground operation, with access ramps having invariably been the preferred option over vertical shafts for equipment movement between surface and the stoping levels. Elevator parameters are calculated and the values of design parameters for both computers are compared. Collar Collars are also required for ventilation shafts, service shafts, and for all raises that reach surface. I agree that my information will be used to contact me and not for any other purposes. The project involves sinking a main production shaft and two ventilation shafts, and is scheduled for completion in 2017. “It’s a very competitive business, but there is a lot of collaboration between the competitors when it comes to safety,” Cementation’s Roy Slack told the London meeting. Design for Mine Shaft is considered for basic well. Since then, its ore has been won from a block-caving operation, serviced by a shaft, with the cost of developing the underground mine having been some $460 million at that time. Xu Heidong and Cai Xin reported on the progress being made with shaft drilling in China, with more than 80 shafts having been drilled to date. In swelling soils, an innovative double pile system has been used to carry loads and also to prevent soil pressure from damaging the infrastructure.Ground water often affects upper areas of the shaft and must be controlled by grouting to prevent water from entering the shaft, or by drainage systems built into the lining structure.Natural breaks in the rock, such as joints and faults, affect the behaviour of the rock mass at shallow and intermediate depths (down to 1,000m below surface). Such an unusual design!" Cost Estimating . Initial considerations Many factor influence the decision of selecting a shaft or decline/ramp to access an underground mine. Mine Layout . On closure, some 11,000 m3 of zinc-bearing ore remained unmined at a depth of between 24 and 37 m (80-120 ft) below surface, overlain by unconsolidated tailings and soft clay. Drum Hoists . Significantly in view of Roy Slack’s remarks at this year’s conference, these authors noted that the involvement of the contractor, Shaft Sinkers, “was deemed necessary to provide design input from a sinking consideration.”. Other AMC projects in the province include its work on Mosaic’s K3 shafts—key to the company’s expansion of its Estahazy operation—currently involving the freezing contract. Further west, Redpath group company AMC Mining is currently sinking a composite-lined shaft for PotashCorp’s Scissors Creek project at its Rocanville complex. The third paper presented from Chinese authors, He Guowei, He Fangxian and Zhang Rongying, provided evidence, if any were needed, of the sheer scale of Chinese coal-industry developments in recent years. Koepe / Friction Hoists . Other platinum-industry contracts for the company have included its work on Impala Platinum’s No.16 and No.17 shaft complexes, development of which began in 2004 and 2007 respectively. Now with Kazakhstan-backed IMR as its main shareholder, the company’s first major international project has been at EuroChem’s Gremyachinskoye potash project in southern Russia, where it was contracted to sink one of the two main skip shafts. At the London meeting, Herrenknecht’s Martin Rauer and Werner Burger described the subsequent development of the SBR shaft-boring roadheader concept, designed to ‘fill the gap’ between the large-diameter SBS system and the company’s VSM, which is designed for soft-rock conditions and is limited to around 100 m in its depth capabilities. The ropes used for the initial tests were made by the specialist supplier, U.S.-based Whitehill Manufacturing, using Teijin Aramid ‘Twaron’ and ‘Technora’ para-aramid fibers. That is not to infer, of course, that no shafts have been sunk in the past 50 or 60 years—far from it—but the dominance of the big open pit in supplying major proportions of the world’s iron ore, copper, gold, coal and bauxite has pushed underground mining aside in many situations. It follows that, as timber is the cheapest and all things considered the most advantageous means of shaft support for the comparatively temporary character of precious metal mines, to get the strains applied to the timbers in the Detailed information on the use of cookies on this site, and how you can decline them, is provided in our, The Mining Business Pauses to Catch Its Breath, Peabody Energy Announces 2009 Production Cutbacks, E&MJ’s Annual Survey of Global Mining Investment, The World’s Largest Trade Fair Continues to Grow, Precise Air Flow Measurement Improves Flotation Cell Efficiency, Safety Stats Point to Powered Haulage Problems. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Wire Ropes, Sheaves, and Conveyances . Non-destructive testing modes of deterioration, failure analysis and high-speed coiling are further issues to be addressed, with the next phase of the studies likely to take three-to-five years, and involving ‘substantial financial support,’ NRC added. The deepest shaft currently under construction, they said, is one for the Huaibei Coal Mining’s Xinhu mine in Anhui province, at 1,037 m depth and 8.1 m diameter. It is also called shaft sinking. INTRODUCTION The mine hoisting plant is the most critical single line component in the operation of a shaft sinking operation or a permanent installation. investigations and required rock testing, cutterhead design optimization is an integral part of the machine selection to ensure a successful application of the machines in a specific underground mine environment. This website uses cookies to enhance browsing experience. The deepest achieved has been drilled to 660 m, while the largest diameter has been 10.8 m, they said. For deeper shafts the minimum shaft size increases to accommodate larger shaft sinking equipment and allow a greater airflow for ventilation pur… Dolerite sills encountered near surface pose their own problems; they tend to break up into small blocks. Mine Shaft Design 424 Greene St Key West FL 33040. Shaft Construction In the 90 plus years we have been in business, we have sunk several hundred miles of shafts conventionally. 10 shaft began in February 2007 with collar construction and surface set up. This, on its own, brings other challenges, since the new mine is currently over 1,000 km from the nearest coal-fired power station. mine shaft stock illustrations Mine shafts are made out of steel and iron to make them strong. Often, around 1000m below surface, the stresses that exist naturally in the ground become large enough to begin to induce additional fractures in the rock mass.Simple support systems – like rock bolts or split sets, wire mesh and shotcrete – are adequate to protect the workforce involved in sinking the shaft under these conditions.
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