Sequencing reads have been deposited with accession numbers DRA006596-7 (shotgun sequencing with Roche454), DRA006598 (shotgun sequencing with MiSeq) and DRA006599 (mate-pair sequencing reads). Although data are based upon a limited number of genes, some venom genes, such as SP, PLA2, and CTLP, have also been suggested to exhibit accelerated evolution21,22,23,24,25,26. Bioinformatics 27, 764–770 (2011). Article In other words, genome decoding is a powerful tool to understand molecular mechanisms involved in snake venom evolution. Google Scholar. Domain Loss Facilitates Accelerated Evolution and Neofunctionalization of Duplicate Snake Venom Metalloproteinase Toxin Genes. What sorts of alternative splicing (transcriptomic diversity) are involved in diversification of venom genes? Article S2c), although the number of NV counterparts varied from 1–11. 13, 93 (2013). After neofunctionalization of the single copy to acquire toxic function, it is likely that natural selection upon the venom copies might have changed to adapt for prey capture utility, resulting in the accelerated evolution as we show here (Fig. 35, 543–548 (2018). The emergency medical providers said that with his quick actions, James was able to save the woman’s life. Numbers at nodes denote estimated divergence times in millions of years (based on Zheng and Wiens (2016)). (b) Habu venom (arrow) dripping from the fang. Internet Explorer). Snake venom is a cocktail of complex proteins. Four families of major protein components in the venom (MP, SP, CTLP and PLA2) have experienced repeated duplication, resulting in complex configurations with 9–11 SV genes and 31–57 NV genes (Category III, shown in deep blue and red boxes in the right column). Article Gibbs, H. L. & Chiucchi, J. E. Deconstructing a complex molecular phenotype: population-level variation in individual venom proteins in Eastern Massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus c. catenatus). All of the results shown in this study have been obtained only after intensive analyses of genomic information. Chijiwa, T. et al.
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